xmrchain.net & Explore.Moneroworld.com

(no javascript - no cookies - no web analytics trackers - no images - open sourced)

Solo mine on your own blockchain to support the monero network!

Public Node Directory || Monero Block Frequency Tool || Monero Website || Make Monero Better!

Monero Testnet Explorer || Monero Stagenet Explorer

i2p links: exchanged.i2p , Local Monero (lm.i2p)

Why so ugly? Monero FAQ

Moneroblocks Explorer || Monerohash explorer || Map of Monero Network

For a pretty version of this explorer with javascript || A note on/for services

NOTE: This explorer actively tests beta software in production. If it crashes, hooray! We found a bug! Please find a backup explorer for these instances.

The most up to date software for Monero are version: CLI v0.18.3.3, GUI v0.18.3.3

If you need to use a remote node, you should set up your own. Good guide for setting up a remote node.

High Fee Bug. Remote nodes can increase your tx fees. Double check before sending. Run your own node.

Autorefresh is OFF

Tx hash: ffd63ad018f52d58c35f3dcfcd16bff1682ebe7daa0e969da948e0d483d67710

Tx prefix hash: 0a46a1a30d4cfe7ccbcc4e55ba75dd501635e090ba8ea3c81a409e7019f49abc
Tx public key: b60a36000a6943f41ca2d32a6675714f71105ead4b2cf5bcacb676c20b45a34f
Payment id (encrypted): 39e0aabc0a83e868
Timestamp: 1600420331 Timestamp [UTC]: 2020-09-18 09:12:11 Age [y:d:h:m:s]: 03:239:15:31:36
Block: 2189259 Fee (per_kB): 0.000080030000 (0.000009707501) Tx size: 8.2441 kB
Tx version: 2 No of confirmations: 959896 RingCT/type: yes/4
Extra: 01b60a36000a6943f41ca2d32a6675714f71105ead4b2cf5bcacb676c20b45a34f02090139e0aabc0a83e868

2 output(s) for total of ? xmr

stealth address amount amount idx tag
00: 345045cb3dfc78dd9568611ea0c8518f92ea5bd9d9d7e1e04a41dad4e3f5e536 ? 20861102 of 101399416 -
01: 3c3c1640f7e175c787d4bcc91e69397c9af6d03d4479a6fdffb9f7e68e6e3faa ? 20861103 of 101399416 -

Check which outputs belong to given Monero address/subaddress and viewkey

For RingCT transactions, outputs' amounts are also decoded
Note: address/subaddress and viewkey are sent to the server, as the calculations are done on the server side



Prove to someone that you have sent them Monero in this transaction

Tx private key can be obtained using get_tx_key command in monero-wallet-cli command line tool
Note: address/subaddress and tx private key are sent to the server, as the calculations are done on the server side



Inputs' ring size time scale (from 2018-10-21 08:43:45 till 2020-09-18 09:33:13; resolution: 4.11 days)

  • |_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________*__________________*___*_**|
  • |___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________*____________________**|
  • |______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________*__________________*______*_______**|
  • |_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________*_*_*|
  • |___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________*_*_***|
  • |____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________*_________________________________________*________*_*|
  • |_*______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________**___*______*___**|
  • |________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________*_______________*______*_*|
  • |___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________*__________________________**________**__*____*|

9 input(s) for total of ? xmr

key image 00: fa3258e8fec6c9260cc2992db609bd32a95769f502768a2d4d31d6155e15357d amount: ?
ring members blk ring size in/out timestamp age [y:d:h:m:s]
- 00: c8d6ccc39a5a47dc6dbb974c898770defe883df6f6e5d5c4af97576b5a927e1d 02110647 11 2/2 2020-05-31 22:02:54 03:349:02:40:53
- 01: 0543dd4e7c6a601251ecf9e1a801a6cb485eab57f3b65cf4c1c1d16d78c6a7fe 02166131 11 1/2 2020-08-17 03:43:18 03:271:21:00:29
- 02: b2ef1309df656f61e52a215b4d1747993e368794548800663e42f872153b022a 02180359 11 2/2 2020-09-05 22:36:54 03:252:02:06:53
- 03: 382f0ba756d888d5d4fa4aeb03b1148b651f98af0379a90c8b33b3ed49ba34ee 02183507 11 3/2 2020-09-10 08:30:36 03:247:16:13:11
- 04: b176ee5914b4a8a67447797f8c1253819b27c37d17c3746dedd891c7d747a29e 02187735 11 1/2 2020-09-16 05:50:26 03:241:18:53:21
- 05: a239e63b95f4dcfb7dca075c209e23d4247c816a7a1e4b47b4422b3675248d53 02188486 11 1/2 2020-09-17 07:04:55 03:240:17:38:52
- 06: 3603cf8947b30432fe9f07f3f66afd03f6b3bc3ac14042f47b856edc65bd738f 02188555 11 7/2 2020-09-17 09:04:45 03:240:15:39:02
- 07: 85cfa53f107d06c14bccf999b31d7c510e4d2c84ada0dd8fc3676fd76f4dcf31 02188702 11 2/3 2020-09-17 14:28:10 03:240:10:15:37
- 08: 4df9eec577e1addfdffc373d762f8ae4b7ec2c9669e91cced212bb371a470422 02188848 11 1/2 2020-09-17 18:52:23 03:240:05:51:24
- 09: bad737dab6fc8010a250a8cb01d67648e728ded40c854bf7a78d087f89af0924 02188862 11 2/2 2020-09-17 19:34:08 03:240:05:09:39
- 10: 80c8e3dcbd32aefcb85903846a58c2d1bc5703c93f68a688242a5ddc963a7f12 02189215 11 2/2 2020-09-18 07:50:35 03:239:16:53:12
key image 01: da01334810cfce75c03e35f86d772ad40ea1332f6572590c2224dd8c342a76fc amount: ?
ring members blk ring size in/out timestamp age [y:d:h:m:s]
- 00: eca77bb26bcfaed09971e5cb4b4c781981557543b64a9c71bc5886c9d98660b5 02123744 11 1/2 2020-06-19 03:25:09 03:330:21:18:38
- 01: 065cf8ebeecece54a314a48f1e36958a5a7745cfebf6a94c0fd59fef884bf2dc 02184331 11 2/2 2020-09-11 11:59:23 03:246:12:44:24
- 02: fe1f3af1a93f25d4c1a552dd7c630e72eb6a8424f1724b366bc4e5febcdb2745 02187332 11 1/2 2020-09-15 17:00:28 03:242:07:43:19
- 03: 556355322f4aaf83ff1f50e5cf5077ab63fd2c2059ba5ede28681bcf5e08605f 02187704 11 31/2 2020-09-16 04:50:16 03:241:19:53:31
- 04: 01ecc4b9055d24dac05b86de5b64801411b44059da934ab53c5f74c6f21210c9 02188235 11 1/2 2020-09-16 22:07:20 03:241:02:36:27
- 05: 3dacb0851dea186585b2563f85d2f8307f7faeda5c30eea947fa93a26933285d 02188652 11 1/2 2020-09-17 12:36:16 03:240:12:07:31
- 06: d13ef5ed49d7d659d9a345162d8a3c4f088e31aa3c0ee4c3106783d4e7c9d41e 02189085 11 2/2 2020-09-18 03:24:02 03:239:21:19:45
- 07: 78bbca30d38e226e3aa65be0585560965730044db6b550a6aa58f6ea25bb7c46 02189087 11 31/2 2020-09-18 03:28:16 03:239:21:15:31
- 08: 0b9363c42b35d216513770a26cf7ad6434c34f80235eb6b2af11cfc660c31873 02189141 11 2/2 2020-09-18 05:43:38 03:239:19:00:09
- 09: 95cb98958b3e8ff9413ac942058489908e190225528143b3fffd0d089cb7df6f 02189181 11 3/2 2020-09-18 06:51:30 03:239:17:52:17
- 10: abbf4289dbd310face3237f28dfb2dabcff7e85f3bcb9d4d288a01e1a4f56e16 02189241 11 5/2 2020-09-18 08:33:13 03:239:16:10:34
key image 02: c0deb85930cdf24abd5d8734bbf82101e8ce93ebbd526ccba39e64ab9e44beb5 amount: ?
ring members blk ring size in/out timestamp age [y:d:h:m:s]
- 00: 744de3d212ec9951d0c716d71aba6f0b4346f7d6df2a77c2eb37aaea727cb952 02085030 11 2/2 2020-04-26 08:01:44 04:019:16:42:03
- 01: 3bea043f4d9ccb2f81ca89015aa3d75f7707bb671bf5b65a8b728ee9a913bf63 02140265 11 1/2 2020-07-12 03:23:41 03:307:21:20:06
- 02: 1e25f22e53010302b84c5bf739670e9f319a7fd9a58af1fdfe6c62d1da3d2913 02161815 11 2/2 2020-08-11 01:04:47 03:277:23:39:00
- 03: 7280c3b1c9b2c017427ca9511fc0ad9f1bef1b3c0b4e9326c9687190936b9fd9 02186259 11 1/2 2020-09-14 03:48:42 03:243:20:55:05
- 04: c83d8727aeac93cbc0f98e5dfc296c94c68f9c5cbdffc923a18e961ff90b3e91 02188622 11 2/2 2020-09-17 11:38:59 03:240:13:04:48
- 05: cdd9f5102e1181af584398933a6e3dd5c8b3d1c4911d47d24ca58bee5355933f 02188871 11 31/2 2020-09-17 19:46:13 03:240:04:57:34
- 06: 2a5d73fd51be0d210dae3caf24a3ab83706586534c0cddc1595f48360ae0488a 02188905 11 2/2 2020-09-17 21:15:55 03:240:03:27:52
- 07: a72b0a49e6b0f92baa169307a84f0a115e3dff4e30d39416e71cfe929ffc1f3f 02188947 11 4/2 2020-09-17 22:32:26 03:240:02:11:21
- 08: 04371271e5895b9162e542a751afe20e5bb2af50b17a54ba2ec82a0e0ee6db40 02189093 11 2/2 2020-09-18 03:49:57 03:239:20:53:50
- 09: 297c79382526f4311a7f302736bd460e87afcd0cbe97a94c8b03379c947f6a07 02189220 11 1/2 2020-09-18 08:03:04 03:239:16:40:43
- 10: 622f557c3c7e9f7d6a2303041f87aae2a699ea34d5a2a8dc3cd21c74bee57a87 02189228 11 1/2 2020-09-18 08:14:39 03:239:16:29:08
key image 03: aee3b2beb6b83cac7561ae9ca5f84a730f207d1342cfff9aa271cd874770580c amount: ?
ring members blk ring size in/out timestamp age [y:d:h:m:s]
- 00: 1445a8c9a0eef8f1ce41fe71294d77d241eb3249677c2e18567e773dc537fed5 02175845 11 2/2 2020-08-30 17:19:25 03:258:07:24:22
- 01: 0293e8a0d76862a9f13ab517fbdeddc025a021c6fe57632814430203b9e3c39e 02181914 11 2/2 2020-09-08 03:39:38 03:249:21:04:09
- 02: f6505cbfa1887c2c1b4e3f9a3b3a33a9a709ada94e4843ae497207277c972cb6 02186652 11 2/2 2020-09-14 17:26:42 03:243:07:17:05
- 03: 092b81ab5126db40a4a0d023705b834a27f4438bd2c849f356b5c2f898b10375 02187183 11 2/2 2020-09-15 12:06:20 03:242:12:37:27
- 04: 1bdd0a2b334bb6d8cd04784564c405894548a1c7992d0d809ab0eb5ec09f58ca 02188106 11 7/2 2020-09-16 17:51:45 03:241:06:52:02
- 05: f6db0895fbfcfd31e1c9a9b9c1826abdd58230fd80c6a6e3c62e2f06dcaf90fe 02188605 11 1/2 2020-09-17 11:07:42 03:240:13:36:05
- 06: 16838afe1bba01184896ff9e1397f88a8ed4aa2d837c211e0f435e94fb483b55 02188895 11 1/2 2020-09-17 20:53:13 03:240:03:50:34
- 07: 529b6b4de0720d8b973d5f86944b93f128b2333c6f949ac74d25c35634bb1e53 02188972 11 1/2 2020-09-17 23:28:51 03:240:01:14:56
- 08: f012822b2a76fd084172eca1f3cc717b9dbdb8a1e48cf791db49efc1e49e0532 02189096 11 1/2 2020-09-18 03:54:51 03:239:20:48:56
- 09: e1473bd69f3dbbf4868def96e0d0d4b6067be4171deb4c1d74139733ed559349 02189138 11 1/2 2020-09-18 05:35:17 03:239:19:08:30
- 10: b2b99af1e27c353f4db0958bb1ae8654862dbedd92a35ec9337cdd70b336f1e3 02189226 11 1/2 2020-09-18 08:06:39 03:239:16:37:08
key image 04: 66757c5825589813c13db70baa6aa6a0eaf6248dc9220ae91a3bcdcc23657485 amount: ?
ring members blk ring size in/out timestamp age [y:d:h:m:s]
- 00: 77ededb4901010f1134b1780ad274e2954d6e536c6b264beba90aaf32820ce98 02168685 11 2/2 2020-08-20 17:05:52 03:268:07:37:55
- 01: cf1a5a64fdc33d22b5185aa6537b3284dc65180b4a32287f86f328c5d52c4471 02175867 11 2/2 2020-08-30 17:52:25 03:258:06:51:22
- 02: 3915d266c9ec06677f5311a5ea5842d5960a6396911a665cd50c3acbaa6a0fdd 02176926 11 1/2 2020-09-01 04:38:11 03:256:20:05:36
- 03: 58531d120d0525b22705d220b26ecba3a760bd4974cd6df71e9743bdff563346 02181191 11 2/2 2020-09-07 03:49:07 03:250:20:54:40
- 04: 91ac1ab2be9c27573bb801f8a85bd9d470f5ef48d010d1ffe776fe9d4db6dd32 02183946 11 2/16 2020-09-10 23:22:19 03:247:01:21:28
- 05: c5a8678d878f293d873d7cad27660baed197e3d5b02d1cfb45143a9e0a13c1e5 02186669 11 2/2 2020-09-14 17:48:39 03:243:06:55:08
- 06: d8c45f31add29f3f0f9af9b4e72c6e77a1b374af091bbe161a7a997a4451453d 02187472 11 1/2 2020-09-15 21:37:55 03:242:03:05:52
- 07: a4fcf88ee49ae194fff3075fc76dec711cee1d127075bb4ff5df5c9806ab781f 02187699 11 2/2 2020-09-16 04:33:28 03:241:20:10:19
- 08: e363fafcfd3abf26db98d2000a2cf3f4c56bdeeeb4ce058c2f0bdd7f1e9b7e48 02188570 11 1/2 2020-09-17 09:47:45 03:240:14:56:02
- 09: 9a7b006bbe74f7b451e09fb36f1290eb672444075c8584c10f39d38aa090dfbd 02188713 11 1/2 2020-09-17 14:51:55 03:240:09:51:52
- 10: 49fa0b52c3d6ddc9f51601a565620386e8ea07077b759409703e40590c2e82b6 02188973 11 1/2 2020-09-17 23:31:21 03:240:01:12:26
key image 05: 46f0c552d413b5285cee09321c400cf9e38204f7bc1477cc589e7670990568e9 amount: ?
ring members blk ring size in/out timestamp age [y:d:h:m:s]
- 00: 4c3ae44a54cf3970904456e540933da770f02c35b9436191efac4e37ea5392e6 02030973 11 1/2 2020-02-11 04:04:56 04:094:20:38:51
- 01: 69c786e12fa1fce988478c3c2cf33ddac02ba0b9641283a703d0e5d69f149ec8 02156178 11 1/2 2020-08-03 03:27:31 03:285:21:16:16
- 02: 16bc5bd591276bb76eb64695c6a2ff7107192a6e6e5cf779f9f8c75c68179668 02180853 11 2/16 2020-09-06 16:39:49 03:251:08:03:58
- 03: 1f53b7a58effcc6ef1830dbd1275c70b132c736917343b9e7d8c4762d48db3cc 02182150 11 1/2 2020-09-08 11:05:14 03:249:13:38:33
- 04: fbd50c2e74308ab6dd3c81f358fef713aee2554b8f2da03d2d8dd5962759e899 02187344 11 1/2 2020-09-15 17:20:02 03:242:07:23:45
- 05: 3201972f3f52a3e3b29b772586a9ce574481b21de1f3d2423e29bba20885d0ef 02187732 11 1/2 2020-09-16 05:48:39 03:241:18:55:08
- 06: 8c76536c614b9ea17faafe453d79b0abf41806925248f4909ea866c46534375f 02188122 11 1/2 2020-09-16 18:33:56 03:241:06:09:51
- 07: f401d5ffc923cab77317bbcddbd29cfa3f8cbf81e750099c6ab700abd3700a6a 02188575 11 2/2 2020-09-17 09:59:33 03:240:14:44:14
- 08: c78c7b153499d54bd26e82b6833d7f39b2472b64da053d9b9892636b4e08b5ec 02188675 11 1/2 2020-09-17 13:23:07 03:240:11:20:40
- 09: 666feb6c920c4df9b2db197e40c06820aeaf498d9165d88cb2b850d02b82d96e 02189081 11 2/2 2020-09-18 03:20:29 03:239:21:23:18
- 10: bf1a272ae58e4b6cf156481ca5932dd43923b483146d131de1fecd4f999939d2 02189227 11 1/2 2020-09-18 08:09:44 03:239:16:34:03
key image 06: 361ad2b3fd9a158bc87315b9bc2adafeccea39ab0b622865a85f99fe6186425f amount: ?
ring members blk ring size in/out timestamp age [y:d:h:m:s]
- 00: ff09f61c39857982cb06150bea4de5243016bc3d0231db85aaab5d6fceaeeff1 01687480 11 2/2 2018-10-21 09:43:45 05:207:15:00:02
- 01: 9708e7fd9f8e0f9c1919eb06bf1e6d73d44641ca597d052f13593ab961248c7c 02137311 11 1/2 2020-07-07 23:01:03 03:312:01:42:44
- 02: dbb6506cbf1243339deba17b221751aa1d6af7bef9c1d0c493b11e6b3b7b5b6e 02140581 11 3/16 2020-07-12 13:52:21 03:307:10:51:26
- 03: 75720a1c75be66dacbb1aa46ecee3d75f738f1c5916a58f77e44f889227f3bc2 02152575 11 2/2 2020-07-29 05:03:25 03:290:19:40:22
- 04: 4d69a4bcbfa33853fef620e4a353ff3af08c3afb8921a9bbd4ff26b590bd2b1d 02174003 11 1/2 2020-08-28 03:25:08 03:260:21:18:39
- 05: 39d14fd047e66f1d6376b1e22e75251705254188898362b1bb001da816bc33b4 02185484 11 1/2 2020-09-13 03:20:17 03:244:21:23:30
- 06: fadfe817ba3389a773a269790d655cf30fa76e31093ce9ab7ffc3e1965855fc9 02187845 11 3/2 2020-09-16 09:02:02 03:241:15:41:45
- 07: a22595f4737e81d8c2908cca87eddb9930cac0b225d1907d20c2f206234535fc 02188699 11 1/2 2020-09-17 14:26:43 03:240:10:17:04
- 08: b70d05350394351abf4984d3c9b6fa0c06fbaf2a181acb6520b9689566f983f2 02189130 11 1/3 2020-09-18 05:11:50 03:239:19:31:57
- 09: 3a5c10d1f1cc026023ce606f28dd113c71f9888b095da6ea3f42fbfec01dbdcd 02189138 11 5/2 2020-09-18 05:35:17 03:239:19:08:30
- 10: 0f17ec6bd74e18df18055e8127228176af2f78acd762f2cd07be61a500ff6edf 02189209 11 2/2 2020-09-18 07:38:10 03:239:17:05:37
key image 07: 10556da51112cdee9fdc76689c438f53cb20273b0fa6a0dd9f2518d6f043b2b1 amount: ?
ring members blk ring size in/out timestamp age [y:d:h:m:s]
- 00: bbe8ddbbf6fc888106a6affea37125ba09aec625761f4ad3850c326b8cce57fb 02113587 11 16/2 2020-06-05 00:20:16 03:345:00:23:31
- 01: e7934e63ecd81cc48b03060ae3e7d7d3d514d004d0ff7fa83e72a7f68d694e42 02161110 11 1/2 2020-08-10 02:14:18 03:278:22:29:29
- 02: dfbca2073ebad8891486d929ab8ebb128a0d5d630fe15c9a6a79740d4281a657 02180627 11 2/2 2020-09-06 08:50:34 03:251:15:53:13
- 03: 6b0c1006a61194a2573e9c228fd8f6fce2aa15efabedacbced72b167262da9cb 02183122 11 1/2 2020-09-09 19:07:35 03:248:05:36:12
- 04: 7b6360de8c71b78ddb7f33296f67a696682e23dc4fb5c8fb21ef070964a675bd 02188106 11 2/2 2020-09-16 17:51:45 03:241:06:52:02
- 05: ec03259ca9c92105c63fb1457a2fbd8273c2cb0db4b8db2ee20ae620aff1ecea 02188566 11 2/2 2020-09-17 09:38:42 03:240:15:05:05
- 06: 9aacab6d7fac4aae694347424d7e220c193c212cd95f201dc872915ff8da9f74 02188688 11 1/2 2020-09-17 13:59:02 03:240:10:44:45
- 07: 205906c65597753cfb72edee7bddab7a5d9c833173a05922793b4636cabbc13e 02189123 11 1/2 2020-09-18 04:44:33 03:239:19:59:14
- 08: 3fccff8c9d18ae807d2cd7590960a82a7990b6a597aff31dbcb863fbf05d6353 02189187 11 2/16 2020-09-18 07:02:28 03:239:17:41:19
- 09: 497160e1d89eddffc37edf67cc1596c0042d165c69cf51d5ecdd4f970f3eb423 02189214 11 1/2 2020-09-18 07:43:35 03:239:17:00:12
- 10: 93f469d3a23bbf2de0265a23ab9b23a216318ae4d597a510a07b5113daef44d8 02189231 11 1/2 2020-09-18 08:18:38 03:239:16:25:09
key image 08: 022f1db08bfcf1b6eca5e2b2000cc04e800fdfb8565fed377aeba18e74241409 amount: ?
ring members blk ring size in/out timestamp age [y:d:h:m:s]
- 00: a9f6143a849c9e57d5bfc08bc61fef7930ce04a923b6292319f7c2105ffdfd44 02051555 11 2/2 2020-03-10 18:58:30 04:066:05:45:17
- 01: 639c46019509d74f4d614c96fe8bf806ee92261651b5b9853590313faf83fc53 02132419 11 1/2 2020-07-01 03:29:57 03:318:21:13:50
- 02: 1ca6cb71f4218e979af4a1aa2ea9196b48afe8bde62e90836d7e2b3c457c9a40 02133469 11 2/16 2020-07-02 12:15:54 03:317:12:27:53
- 03: eaa3650b717fd36e96b02b0ecc38b88af5a88e056585b3be9b12234422a61ba9 02161114 11 2/2 2020-08-10 02:19:53 03:278:22:23:54
- 04: 4626dca408b419d8d367a6f3569bcb81fc81f19a2cf0b0a47c52c7995b68e9d3 02164346 11 1/2 2020-08-14 15:31:28 03:274:09:12:19
- 05: f458f1eb4ee2347295929488707d22db77d0ae5168e863d34a184e2ed4149b8b 02173224 11 2/2 2020-08-27 00:21:34 03:262:00:22:13
- 06: 3147b403b8a7d34e5b67b048118ce9ab615829ec7268b26d766e027962de411e 02188380 11 2/2 2020-09-17 03:23:03 03:240:21:20:44
- 07: 2660ae866c1c157395c6a6ea5147a55cd66bc71fd48c6303083d7907d9729477 02189026 11 3/2 2020-09-18 01:32:46 03:239:23:11:01
- 08: 8435f150661c9ccf136fc1419ec754bd815ca194b13c2bea2fa59d7476d10040 02189055 11 1/2 2020-09-18 02:35:23 03:239:22:08:24
- 09: 94cd52cc9763dd89a82391145e24ec29c0a077005e4bc4898d0a2fc70bfaae5f 02189077 11 2/6 2020-09-18 03:06:40 03:239:21:37:07
- 10: f74612e6f7ff3b4004c08f1b4e1a16ed8c6554893c0f93998a50e78b39cae084 02189188 11 1/2 2020-09-18 07:03:29 03:239:17:40:18
More details
source code | explorer version (api): master-2024-03-03-26331e6 (1.2)