xmrchain.net & Explore.Moneroworld.com

(no javascript - no cookies - no web analytics trackers - no images - open sourced)

Solo mine on your own blockchain to support the monero network!

Public Node Directory || Monero Block Frequency Tool || Monero Website || Make Monero Better!

Monero Testnet Explorer || Monero Stagenet Explorer

i2p links: exchanged.i2p , Local Monero (lm.i2p)

Why so ugly? Monero FAQ

Moneroblocks Explorer || Monerohash explorer || Map of Monero Network

For a pretty version of this explorer with javascript || A note on/for services

NOTE: This explorer actively tests beta software in production. If it crashes, hooray! We found a bug! Please find a backup explorer for these instances.

The most up to date software for Monero are version: CLI v0.18.3.3, GUI v0.18.3.3

If you need to use a remote node, you should set up your own. Good guide for setting up a remote node.

High Fee Bug. Remote nodes can increase your tx fees. Double check before sending. Run your own node.

Autorefresh is OFF

Tx hash: 963e5a9e4ccc2e4228148d34a4f9af0c16f735a825d80a2334061a56dd0f6fd6

Tx prefix hash: 685cbe01da72b4af6c69a100def64f7520a7edcf36ecb39def77e0b7e9b6a32d
Tx public key: 13fd72125736c2933da9c463a2c5e6d2cbe45107dd4fedcaf2773275ed3a5976
Payment id (encrypted): c90a5f35fe5f0846
Timestamp: 1631949559 Timestamp [UTC]: 2021-09-18 07:19:19 Age [y:d:h:m:s]: 02:231:17:51:57
Block: 2451927 Fee (per_kB): 0.000032010000 (0.000005881615) Tx size: 5.4424 kB
Tx version: 2 No of confirmations: 691472 RingCT/type: yes/5
Extra: 0113fd72125736c2933da9c463a2c5e6d2cbe45107dd4fedcaf2773275ed3a5976020901c90a5f35fe5f0846

2 output(s) for total of ? xmr

stealth address amount amount idx tag
00: 1b575264c11d3bd168d02f75cc1876e86db1c8a8fc57e63ed3705cea1a5fcb8f ? 39051673 of 100555153 -
01: a88c7c4158b0f2ce6d6e2f77cf47c4d4e4cee98a475c6b6b87f0742f78746401 ? 39051674 of 100555153 -

Check which outputs belong to given Monero address/subaddress and viewkey

For RingCT transactions, outputs' amounts are also decoded
Note: address/subaddress and viewkey are sent to the server, as the calculations are done on the server side



Prove to someone that you have sent them Monero in this transaction

Tx private key can be obtained using get_tx_key command in monero-wallet-cli command line tool
Note: address/subaddress and tx private key are sent to the server, as the calculations are done on the server side



Inputs' ring size time scale (from 2019-07-14 21:11:09 till 2021-09-18 07:12:38; resolution: 4.68 days)

  • |________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________*___*__***|
  • |_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________*_____*__**_*|
  • |_________________________________________________________*________________________________________________________________________________________________*____*________**|
  • |_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________*___*_*__**|
  • |______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________*________***|
  • |___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________*__*_____**__**|
  • |___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________*____**|
  • |__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________*__________**__*|
  • |_*_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________*_____***|

9 input(s) for total of ? xmr

key image 00: fb1dcee56550d81f8fe591866deb640685ec55bfcc72b5cfcef65d50d322183a amount: ?
ring members blk ring size in/out timestamp age [y:d:h:m:s]
- 00: 28343d724ac21d1fb42f7537fd02437a5995b887cbef1a8604eec696cf7bed53 02418462 11 1/2 2021-08-02 19:27:49 02:278:05:43:27
- 01: 5975fc06f016473a4d55f27b2dc2adf3b40924713a9931fcfe7410906cade783 02433242 11 1/2 2021-08-23 07:57:16 02:257:17:14:00
- 02: 34e7cb5bf3af9074a9a9ab13b522d4a0d84154eea741ea20eef77015ea1d65d5 02433716 11 2/14 2021-08-24 00:02:09 02:257:01:09:07
- 03: 788353002ae6f0b55e76d8f08d925a777bfa6cbaa29c405b45dc1190e81bd002 02445192 11 1/2 2021-09-08 20:52:08 02:241:04:19:08
- 04: b9f514b35887ac7997f9148b59bc6b704a0e05349cd48b128274cd0fc6932ce4 02445400 11 1/2 2021-09-09 04:02:25 02:240:21:08:51
- 05: acdcb4b3be98ebc75f05bb8ecfdb534dc17551f3180ca5d7504f9d8c4329db44 02445806 11 1/2 2021-09-09 19:35:13 02:240:05:36:03
- 06: 4818e9a9ac888cbfb9aa3a7c31826be75278d82eb57790870b5ffa9dcdd61830 02447985 11 1/2 2021-09-12 19:02:52 02:237:06:08:24
- 07: 8dcbdc409863152ac6e0af0ff580dcd39543472e4e4ca6ae90ada652b13e20d5 02448532 11 1/2 2021-09-13 14:40:16 02:236:10:31:00
- 08: c27cfc962206f57719064470b13f1d549ad46cadd21367d9c7fbabc2d7dd1853 02450234 11 1/2 2021-09-15 21:33:13 02:234:03:38:03
- 09: 6d5d6165723be96301647c4c7e7ec34b2021464c02c2cb672deddae1cc3bc2ea 02451735 11 2/11 2021-09-18 01:07:32 02:232:00:03:44
- 10: 0693fb015d290128b3b7b1428152e34fdfe7eb9de51611a06305c79568e868bf 02451908 11 2/16 2021-09-18 06:12:07 02:231:18:59:09
key image 01: dcdddc02d15b0092a1b7a74f8269b7d03d99166bbaafc181610579fa7c8f9840 amount: ?
ring members blk ring size in/out timestamp age [y:d:h:m:s]
- 00: 48ff780fc2a6fddc954df35f3a9ed2cdd4a6e6e95c44243226fc1b1c99efd85a 02410960 11 1/2 2021-07-23 10:06:28 02:288:15:04:48
- 01: 0e358696cde841250767c8d246aa11daa0a3573b4255eb274935d3ea4e811b19 02430740 11 1/2 2021-08-19 20:42:16 02:261:04:29:00
- 02: 7f09c0c432b472985575e2ea6362968415b3ed0d507f630b8dddbbccf350189c 02440034 11 1/2 2021-09-01 18:32:58 02:248:06:38:18
- 03: 74e9612484c8b396a2ed9862a5d979faece411e9589ee9ae9ef30561223564e0 02441184 11 2/2 2021-09-03 08:31:36 02:246:16:39:40
- 04: d05277393d408f7d435e8c13e1f8d5768b845d693bbfc6885eb4a1ba16991175 02442922 11 2/2 2021-09-05 17:38:57 02:244:07:32:19
- 05: f0057457a4cecdc5d04100419020ddb85f32599fb6cad3aa8e2c551b7e9dee7e 02449843 11 1/2 2021-09-15 08:44:48 02:234:16:26:28
- 06: 566aac53bc5f01dc0ad6b2289379dc928efd65b2c5ac67beb8f66b82fb0fa62e 02450282 11 1/2 2021-09-15 23:11:14 02:234:02:00:02
- 07: f21bf2f2280b2a1922f06d0b024e320f2e2b874b2a3affdfa64e410528726a15 02450882 11 2/2 2021-09-16 20:54:09 02:233:04:17:07
- 08: a0153855f2fa2869dc427de0aeb35739396534bef1a3779b8ad649a7f9986131 02451309 11 1/3 2021-09-17 11:19:19 02:232:13:51:57
- 09: 5cdd9ce68d8dda42ecb7127ed7e511a5d31fd67e0d9ae35b4a8e4521c51b55ad 02451469 11 1/2 2021-09-17 16:23:53 02:232:08:47:23
- 10: f9220b9a2a0dd9dd21ec74d004653367774ce23f6c78ab97bf4a4fc54825a354 02451908 11 2/14 2021-09-18 06:12:07 02:231:18:59:09
key image 02: 8cd628726e25a45b5a46c032b503c4ac58205966a88796139282c9dded960ccb amount: ?
ring members blk ring size in/out timestamp age [y:d:h:m:s]
- 00: 005d2d0b8ca109f51e57944c20db6c67068c9954fd9a5f17e22d9be53c345b15 02070288 11 2/2 2020-04-05 19:46:25 04:032:05:24:51
- 01: e161f96277b7a74cad77d4d6d4b7817e4c20938a1d02ec6a7baccbc98ab6ad19 02399547 11 2/2 2021-07-07 11:05:35 02:304:14:05:41
- 02: ac2975ff4d6939344337f858b93b969333dfa2f25e38cc7c593e72a15e3b3f82 02417623 11 2/2 2021-08-01 14:22:45 02:279:10:48:31
- 03: e68ee3027ecd799b9888f26050126e0ffc384dba96a5de6c359efe486ce492c3 02447854 11 1/2 2021-09-12 14:54:01 02:237:10:17:15
- 04: 646aeead2a4dac2b4d702fd600fc842e1da44c37946a3ddbddf777238a87c892 02448135 11 2/2 2021-09-13 00:29:31 02:237:00:41:45
- 05: 5d9dbfcb198bf4a1ba7b37870626e029ee12e6a477145b98f94aad542e112278 02449842 11 2/2 2021-09-15 08:41:56 02:234:16:29:20
- 06: a23da5eec2991a4f381c951f1781124276be08ac2f6d0d368ed8a06b58fd530e 02450435 11 2/14 2021-09-16 05:19:06 02:233:19:52:10
- 07: a7d2619432084da28eb5e24a6d2214eba8c9219e525b246e427fefcc2b8253a8 02451602 11 2/2 2021-09-17 20:59:10 02:232:04:12:06
- 08: f2c1eb5444810aa22752bd1adb00ee42a701c3a512ee3c94e34a291c961fed72 02451864 11 1/2 2021-09-18 05:02:05 02:231:20:09:11
- 09: 6c88913f411e1d2d89675fabbc7129b673d85008967bfa10fc7a86a7d0ba8fc1 02451874 11 1/2 2021-09-18 05:19:45 02:231:19:51:31
- 10: 6aeeb22a8ebc4548d2ca7484639a1a9adfb3d72c968c05581bc3b3f2a27efc2a 02451908 11 2/9 2021-09-18 06:12:07 02:231:18:59:09
key image 03: 87175119256d5aa97bc51926605c8e0a113a3895f872f578a254d38d40a722aa amount: ?
ring members blk ring size in/out timestamp age [y:d:h:m:s]
- 00: 621c64fdc3ed379b6503e9d012ac784671b7618b8a2f7d0aaeac29377809cb42 02417838 11 2/2 2021-08-01 20:45:11 02:279:04:26:05
- 01: fe1ca200b4d98f06f7a6ce2b03766ff6123b64de7649b63e7acf7ca5c8b47171 02428229 11 1/2 2021-08-16 07:51:53 02:264:17:19:23
- 02: b0d4eaa1cea3f3af9521635b2689023b9d4a5e0a04f72313c1584ca941a20ddf 02435405 11 1/2 2021-08-26 07:27:17 02:254:17:43:59
- 03: 7e644200b51dd6d8a9e0a81450dfddc77671c6b626784fb5b93c2b9fb6ba860f 02447362 11 2/2 2021-09-11 22:02:57 02:238:03:08:19
- 04: d1fb24b8b25d728e6cae40eaf2af735ca105f842aeb8e6ff7f459c19c4d9c13f 02450002 11 2/2 2021-09-15 15:02:45 02:234:10:08:31
- 05: 2627b11bb8c724427f009977d265a59bfb98a182053d1413fe450ef942a882fe 02450742 0 0/1 2021-09-16 16:21:58 02:233:08:49:18
- 06: c931cc98e89dfcb06ca2c359db3f5d367aec7394dffef9b0a21886f776fe7556 02451399 11 1/2 2021-09-17 14:25:58 02:232:10:45:18
- 07: 2cdd11cd49b9632672efb1a442fe35fbac64dd1db39dcf451d414794cff7a058 02451815 11 8/2 2021-09-18 03:12:08 02:231:21:59:08
- 08: 675dedf8b87375d75448269a50abbeccace8b5fcd5886389178ee6391ef94a83 02451830 11 1/2 2021-09-18 03:59:09 02:231:21:12:07
- 09: a5dbc0f51776cb1cb64a948651a8621cbf75f9cb97a3fd65149aee9462142740 02451906 11 2/2 2021-09-18 06:03:04 02:231:19:08:12
- 10: 585961c73aed80350aaa0805735a9f19d2db293ee3e8fa8c5d13ed7254def2e0 02451909 11 2/9 2021-09-18 06:12:38 02:231:18:58:38
key image 04: 7e9b8410fc6af1e096ddcba86a08a164f8916977324ee4e9ce6d3867b11e5770 amount: ?
ring members blk ring size in/out timestamp age [y:d:h:m:s]
- 00: 6db3588a48fbe9d6f9a113fe6b8cfceed3e1758fcc7c67472c90a56e7616f5b9 02413726 11 2/2 2021-07-27 04:58:46 02:284:20:12:30
- 01: bce819c89a2f8f8c9ef33a137a1035ea69a5d4b1fa9bdec427b8f30318ae8bd8 02443798 11 3/2 2021-09-06 23:45:04 02:243:01:26:12
- 02: 838277b9d569e37ec6ccbac098f912408091df39a25c748a6a0d59dd7ab311e9 02445851 11 1/2 2021-09-09 20:58:32 02:240:04:12:44
- 03: ab7dfa9734284ac315564ab96fe05b75965248dea7c0b7efbbe5626df97ff2e7 02446197 11 2/16 2021-09-10 08:23:27 02:239:16:47:49
- 04: d3403e581dcffc0134a4728d47437f2112f1210cbad17c9e0eb0a5a637b5262e 02448903 11 1/2 2021-09-14 02:24:43 02:235:22:46:33
- 05: 19150edf54a64b8972b1814adec4d963b261bd35a6227f340d98f7d4dbfe43fc 02449587 11 1/2 2021-09-14 23:49:49 02:235:01:21:27
- 06: 0d11bd35ce5d451cb94e8799d21f4d27d7373c7bf915c7478c18100a4e2d4339 02449693 11 1/2 2021-09-15 03:30:50 02:234:21:40:26
- 07: 2c9afc87b050cf336b7aaab35b1cf7b511c6b3ae752cb1f1643f31864f7fcdcb 02450838 11 1/2 2021-09-16 19:17:30 02:233:05:53:46
- 08: 834fcad97ef99c27e66f714198e45f5ba6a60ff6fc6ff1424942c07173a3fb6e 02450979 11 2/4 2021-09-17 00:07:20 02:233:01:03:56
- 09: 51299bba5fa206d0fa503c67226408da689efccad4e84b8ce3dfeb4d1672b0de 02451830 11 2/2 2021-09-18 03:59:09 02:231:21:12:07
- 10: e972c4a5ecaba6dd2aa697f5bc16529541d9ec1b8eaff49e62fcf88003cab63b 02451908 11 2/16 2021-09-18 06:12:07 02:231:18:59:09
key image 05: 7baa318293eda3e9e6f8ce8c79de1d1b19fa39af957be9b818448e9f3bc75566 amount: ?
ring members blk ring size in/out timestamp age [y:d:h:m:s]
- 00: aafe0742a2dc58981e43a8b1af7697d24a0d0104289c9e92fd83aeadfbaf7dc9 02404137 0 0/1 2021-07-13 20:53:53 02:298:04:17:23
- 01: eccb76ee45da2aded42684a42ce730872f05c66fc9e124c15929ec50eb93070d 02413528 11 1/2 2021-07-26 22:40:12 02:285:02:31:04
- 02: 7f389e5166fcbdc8773f446ec47c3d1e0e556c31a563ffb1c355cb2a6c0ee5d5 02434609 11 9/2 2021-08-25 04:23:58 02:255:20:47:18
- 03: 5e4df43f774c3bbba0e323a7a8dff24b719cdf8202f854c8a1ab2eed56aa771b 02438166 11 2/2 2021-08-30 03:29:55 02:250:21:41:21
- 04: 5ce1f06a5b18d259df54327963f5b891a829340cbf47795b5617e2d09b4294a6 02446502 11 1/16 2021-09-10 17:58:29 02:239:07:12:47
- 05: 02e8e7496cb05588131c487f1347a2d827c447b52ef9c819cc51d87f12438104 02449742 11 5/16 2021-09-15 05:08:29 02:234:20:02:47
- 06: f12145ee9ac29873f163206b5dbcf7dc6fb8b09564a78f793cd74b02dd0e0d1c 02450171 11 1/2 2021-09-15 19:46:39 02:234:05:24:37
- 07: 69fe5ec17e9f68343873cc93e1f1e3145467e9dc7d109f3897990f15a57a0abe 02451212 11 1/2 2021-09-17 07:52:01 02:232:17:19:15
- 08: fde1116c097d13ed3ebaf933190c0394d99efab7e20cafebc427a30fd2d509d2 02451830 11 1/2 2021-09-18 03:59:09 02:231:21:12:07
- 09: 777f760264fb25ad2a94e10efef640ee0a907c807ec69d8c8e5201ef9c5f8aa4 02451835 11 2/2 2021-09-18 04:12:24 02:231:20:58:52
- 10: 3d3a469a416209785a2a1994103c1ec326269d31410b7d0b34c8ec520f0e7128 02451908 11 1/8 2021-09-18 06:12:07 02:231:18:59:09
key image 06: 6ac694950849251416d75d96644cdcc0db84b6b0fef4f2db8439ab0b7e751b7c amount: ?
ring members blk ring size in/out timestamp age [y:d:h:m:s]
- 00: adda8b003fc1d213b25ff3601d2651a0adf4bf222fa16de8a3098d7f2cf952d3 02430872 11 4/3 2021-08-20 00:09:51 02:261:01:01:25
- 01: f76dff36666eaca710df7fd5c5ebe71de865a553cf2eb4cbf466d9004d628fc4 02446348 11 1/2 2021-09-10 13:22:50 02:239:11:48:26
- 02: 1a8e0562c47eab8d3cbccf8889ea4b701f8e4d5f04dd31ca7d6c9942316adbba 02447103 11 1/2 2021-09-11 13:59:45 02:238:11:11:31
- 03: 500fe64b398fa19d0634a7df2bd2117790a80d776b5a38a39440d6108ac7e258 02450459 11 5/16 2021-09-16 06:14:51 02:233:18:56:25
- 04: 39537a0d7b7c2246cd6ae3b91148d3246fce6c05289c518d4aa0c5c9d9dc1b31 02450785 11 2/2 2021-09-16 17:35:35 02:233:07:35:41
- 05: cdb1b76d4afcf73baa2870855b7e147b2d9937cc1dbf2bda5729b2d48ff010bb 02451532 11 1/2 2021-09-17 18:26:10 02:232:06:45:06
- 06: 43c23f1d4de0a86eae2ff172df197d968c728b97ac71e9396b825b4643302118 02451572 11 2/2 2021-09-17 19:51:45 02:232:05:19:31
- 07: 018afc7940a0f7e58dbae78e522bb2c013ab0ff98997816fd56d3e237ee74c57 02451601 11 3/2 2021-09-17 20:57:17 02:232:04:13:59
- 08: 5ecbbc7857da34a708f0a3e573d552ba2b3c023fa9b08a3267b30140e100d747 02451692 11 2/2 2021-09-17 23:35:29 02:232:01:35:47
- 09: 5bd8cf741de92abefc1ca261dd67f20c4f7ed47af0cdc16ece2504969b355038 02451872 11 1/2 2021-09-18 05:18:44 02:231:19:52:32
- 10: 488178bee8ab0cc1ec77151c6aedd866e8de394f5ab819e1826d2ac72d8e0032 02451908 11 2/10 2021-09-18 06:12:07 02:231:18:59:09
key image 07: 250c82cba4590a2e243c7aa028f03c8f7b8cb2aa1c0a8abf7bd354d7b1e15a67 amount: ?
ring members blk ring size in/out timestamp age [y:d:h:m:s]
- 00: e84f60cb6fefedeb783faab405a342c6d7aecc60213257e6f9632ab98abf210a 02398043 11 2/2 2021-07-05 09:56:00 02:306:15:15:16
- 01: 17d8c2ec87cd4a8274289a10e14def721204524fae4aa1d13e7a30a638b44f70 02435543 11 1/2 2021-08-26 11:57:17 02:254:13:13:59
- 02: bb99464730d6276f67293089e100d3f686f2424b077bc698e4426950cab1f0cb 02438834 11 2/2 2021-08-31 02:50:01 02:249:22:21:15
- 03: 2a26afca7d108ae87bb2d455eb93dc037c997aa8468ae04bde2dc76c56f5278c 02448793 11 1/2 2021-09-13 22:18:56 02:236:02:52:20
- 04: 223db42ee4e781fbe72611f471daa6771478d495259679dc71e990f65a5a6c74 02449863 11 1/2 2021-09-15 09:35:37 02:234:15:35:39
- 05: d58d355a9a2277cf730c71cbff674556d0325163e40e580c59d12bae78e3fd16 02450013 11 1/2 2021-09-15 15:28:42 02:234:09:42:34
- 06: a1813b6fda30eeb61a612dbd674f3a1ed6fbeef23f55d41ff7b224089f15e59a 02450170 11 2/2 2021-09-15 19:46:27 02:234:05:24:49
- 07: eb483a96461977451758e6d637482c73dfad970b7872db27d28086cf4bf92a20 02451341 11 2/2 2021-09-17 12:13:31 02:232:12:57:45
- 08: ed540ca154207e2b1637c3e36d4ea8c30e584af512bf629f448dc33582c592b2 02451526 11 2/2 2021-09-17 18:05:12 02:232:07:06:04
- 09: d86128b30ef569e45d24c7743d5f00fa640c357d847f67cbc1fccc856c3fd811 02451810 11 1/16 2021-09-18 03:02:54 02:231:22:08:22
- 10: c3872b1bfc4d7c0d649c708b9dfbcda577a0bcda96a39691971ebd65fdc58653 02451908 11 1/7 2021-09-18 06:12:07 02:231:18:59:09
key image 08: 011407bbab18b29c1d5415ad4773df0950af46703fc70869a086bbdf6db3b502 amount: ?
ring members blk ring size in/out timestamp age [y:d:h:m:s]
- 00: 214b8dfeb5dd0e2c9e3091420cf9ee304fd20b928e6f8ba3d53a670039ffc660 01878564 11 1/2 2019-07-14 22:11:09 04:298:03:00:07
- 01: ba81cc8485b72d30bccb0ec39029b2fadd34db673fb9a4f149ce3aa3a5fbc00b 02424119 11 2/16 2021-08-10 16:25:28 02:270:08:45:48
- 02: 8654b3bf83760bf64981983a948057724c73ef51d05b20801beb901ca35696fa 02444423 11 2/2 2021-09-07 19:53:14 02:242:05:18:02
- 03: 33e0fd82dd4dad06c44ae0c4aae51ee25139ff4e1afe734f484bd5282db95904 02448243 11 1/2 2021-09-13 04:01:57 02:236:21:09:19
- 04: fb77ae0c1ec1c8e690dbb248a396a3293a83fb1dde7662b73a463668cae22268 02450103 11 1/16 2021-09-15 18:01:04 02:234:07:10:12
- 05: 79a42b701ed2b747c1648b1bb81598a4a686c6b0dccbd678b27224f3ac20e0c6 02451242 11 2/4 2021-09-17 09:22:33 02:232:15:48:43
- 06: e56d8802acc89e92473f9a8b493720e2460768e9b86040e6a5f305d312c51046 02451532 11 1/16 2021-09-17 18:26:10 02:232:06:45:06
- 07: e2ff96992097797883044eee16cc2dd621d35ae4453b965ec5715bedf2fd1c0f 02451693 11 2/2 2021-09-17 23:43:32 02:232:01:27:44
- 08: cd4206f4996e8ad0e199b09fa90787f60c95adcbe2127f1fb0786773b3984e60 02451711 11 1/2 2021-09-18 00:24:10 02:232:00:47:06
- 09: 01fefd309adf56c97ee7ebf43bed28c11eb39fa67f1b222e7aa9cce1faff14f7 02451820 11 2/2 2021-09-18 03:27:58 02:231:21:43:18
- 10: 6b0f6b77e240265f8278ef6f74b462130ea6cb144e3012a43ee9908b41b5cebf 02451908 11 2/13 2021-09-18 06:12:07 02:231:18:59:09
More details
source code | explorer version (api): master-2024-03-03-26331e6 (1.2)